Artificial Birth Control Essay

Fake conception prevention strategies have been utilized for a huge number of years. The hieroglyphics of antiquated Egyptians show a figure of an Egyptian male wearing a gadget around the penis to help forestall pregnancy during intercourse. Also, there are different societies which use condoms made of cloth or creature digestive organs. Up to this point, antiquarians and scientists are as yet bantering on whether the condoms are for ceremonial purposes or not. â€Å"Artificial Birth Control† is most generally heard according to strict lessons on family arranging. Numerous areas particularly religion support the utilization of characteristic family arranging rather than counterfeit anti-conception medication since they accept that utilizing fake contraception is inverse to God’s will. Be that as it may, there are likewise non-strict individuals who favored not to utilize fake conception prevention for individual, moral or clinical reasons. Fake contraception can be characterized as any item, strategy or practice that utilizes counterfeit or unnatural intends to forestall pregnancy. Hindrance strategies, for example, condoms, Intra uterine Devices (copper), stomachs, cervical top, and wipe, hormonal techniques, for example, the pill, IUDs (hormonal), and crisis contraception. There are additionally infusions, spermicides, and careful sanitization systems, for example, tubal ligation and vasectomy which are totally viewed as counterfeit conception prevention strategies. This paper incorporates the various kinds and instances of counterfeit contraception and their preferences and inconveniences. Condoms A condom is a gadget made of fine elastic (latex). It stays away from undesirable pregnancies and explicitly transmitted infections (STDs), including AIDS and HIV. The utilization of condoms is one of the least demanding, generally dependable and successful techniques. Yet, one should take hardly any prudent steps before utilizing it; they should guarantee that it isn't torn or cracked and that they are utilizing it before the expiry date. For a male condom, the man covers his penis with a condom during sex so as to keep the sperm from entering the vagina. A female condom is additionally made if fine elastic (latex) that when utilized it must be completely adjusted to vagina. The two sorts of female condom are the FC or FC2 female condom and the VA w.o.w. Condom Feminine. The FC female condom is a 17 cm (6.5 inches) long. There is an adaptable ring at each end. At the shut finish of the sheath, the adaptable ring is embedded into the vagina to stay the condom set up. While at the open end, the ring remains outside the vulva at the passageway to the vagina. The VA w.o.w. Condom Feminine when not extended is around 9 cm (3.5 inches) †however it is versatile. It has an adjusted triangular edge at the open end and a wipe inside the shut end, which assists with holding the condom inside the vagina. Condoms are handily gotten, modest, successful, it ensures against explicitly transmitted sickness, and it perhaps lessens danger of cervical malignancy. In any case, it intrudes on the foreplay, it decreases affectability for both or either accomplice, it requires incredible consideration, and it once in a while causes hypersensitivity. Intra uterine Devices (IUD) †Copper IUD is an anti-conception medication gadget made of delicate plastic and has the state of the English letter T and is set in the uterus. It is a drawn out strategy that forestalls pregnancy for 3-5 years. Copper is twisted on the lower part and on the tip of the T are the two strings. With the assistance of the strings, ladies can check on the off chance that it is embedded appropriately. Copper T doesn't make any issues during sex and it tends to be utilized following labor. However, in contrast to condoms, it doesn't shield the client from AIDS and other explicitly transmitted sicknesses. Stomach Stomach is a dainty elastic arch with a versatile and adaptable edge. It is embedded into the vagina and fits over the cervix that is hold set up by vaginal muscles. The stomach holds spermicide set up over the cervix; spermicide murders sperm and forestalls treatment. Stomachs are 86-94% successful as anti-conception medication. It is modest, the female accomplice is the one that assumes the liability, there is no interference during intercourse, there is no loss of sensation for either accomplice, it lessens of microscopic organisms related STDs, couples may feel less hindered when the lady is bleeding, and pre †threat and cervical harm are diminished. However, it is awkward to embed and expel from vagina, it requires a specialist to fit and check it, it requires arrangement, some male accomplices know about the top and dislike it, there is no insurance against viral conditions, for example, herpes simplex or HIV, it in some cases cause hypersensitivity, and it can't be fitted before first intercourse, if there is a vaginal septum or utero-vaginal prolapsed. Cervical Cap Cervical top is a gadget embedded into the vagina that fits over the cervix to hindered the sperm from entering the uterus and forestalls treatment. After intercourse, it ought to be left set up for 8 hours. Cervical spreads are 84-91% compelling at forestalling pregnancy for ladies who have never conceived an offspring and 68-74% viable for ladies who have conceived an offspring. Cervical top can be embedded numerous prior hours sex, it is anything but difficult to haul around, it is agreeable to utilize, it doesn't adjust menstrual cycle and influence future fruitfulness, and it might assist the client with bettering know her body. In any case, cervical top doesn't secure against HIV or AIDS, it requires a fitting in a center, it is hard to embed or expel, it very well may be unstuck during sex, and there can be conceivable unfavorably susceptible responses. Anti-conception medication Sponge The anti-conception medication wipe is made of plastic froth that contains spermicide. It is delicate, round, and around two (2) crawls in width. It has a nylon circle appended to the base for evacuation and it is embedded profound into the vagina before sex. The wipe maintains a strategic distance from pregnancy by shielding sperm from getting together with an egg. The wipe may cover the cervix and hinders the sperm from entering the uterus or it can consistently discharge a spermicide that shields the sperm from moving. The conception prevention wipe can be conveyed in pocket or satchel, it can’t be felt by either accomplice, it has no impact on a woman’s regular hormones, it doesn't interfere with sex play, and it tends to be utilized during breastfeeding. However, it might be hard for certain ladies to embed or expel the wipe, it might cause vaginal aggravation, and it might make sex excessively untidy or too dry since wipe requires a lot of fluid. Prophylactic Pills Most hormonal anti-conception medication strategies contain the hormones estrogen and progestin, albeit some contain progestin as it were. Hormonal prophylactic pills work by keeping females from ovulating or discharging eggs from their ovaries every month, and by diminishing the covering of the uterus to shield a pregnancy from embedding. Without an egg to be prepared by sperm, pregnancy can't happen. Prophylactic pill is an extremely compelling contraception however there are additionally symptoms like huge emotional episodes and diminished charisma. Intra uterine Devices (IUD) †Hormonal Hormonal uterine gadgets some of the time called Intra Uterine Systems were first presented in 1990. It discharges levonorgestrel, a progestogen, and might be utilized for a long time. Hormonal Intra Uterine Devices don't expand seeping as dormant and copper-containing IUDs do. Or maybe, they diminish menstrual draining or forestall monthly cycle out and out, and can be utilized as a treatment for menorrhagia (overwhelming periods). The utilization of Intra Uterine Systems brings about much lower foundational progestogen levels than other extremely low-portion progestogen-just hormonal contraceptives; they may potentially have a portion of a similar reactions like loss of charisma, conceivable cervical malignant growth, vaginal contamination, tension and apprehension, and agony in lower abs. Crisis Contraception The crisis contraception is otherwise called a next day contraceptive. It is a sheltered and successful approach to forestall pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. It tends to be begun as long as five days or 120 hours after unprotected intercourse. The hormone in a next day contraceptive forestalls pregnancy by thickening a woman’s cervical bodily fluid and by diminishing the coating of the uterus. The bodily fluid squares sperm and shields it from getting together with an egg which could forestall pregnancy by shielding a treated egg from appending to the uterus. Infusions Infusions are 99% powerful that is planned at regular intervals. Depo-Proveraâ ®, one of the two kinds that are currently accessible, contains progesterone that is like what the body produces. It keeps arrival of the egg from the ovary and causes changes in cervical bodily fluid and the covering of the uterus. The subsequent one is the Lunelleâ ® which contains two hormones like the pill, so it has indistinguishable reactions from the pill. Spermicides Spermicides can come in various structure like cream, gel, froth, film, and suppositories. Most spermicides contain nonoxynol-9 which is a compound that murders sperm. Spermicides immobilize and slaughter the sperm before they can swim into the uterus. To be successful, the spermicide must be put somewhere down in the vagina, near the cervix. Creams, gels, and froths are spurted into the vagina utilizing an implement. Be that as it may, spermicides are progressively powerful when utilized with another strategy for conception prevention, for example, a condom or stomach. Spermicides are just powerful for 60 minutes, not all ladies can utilize it and some have an unfavorably susceptible response to the substances. Sanitization Sanitization is a type of conception prevention and all the methods are intended to be changeless. For females (Tubal Ligation), a minor activity that obstructs a woman’s fallopian tubes, the cylinders that convey the egg to the uterus; female cleansing works by hindering the egg from arriving at sperm. For guys (Vasectomy), requires minor medical procedure on the scrotum to cut the vasa deferentia, the cylinders that convey sperm. This activity shields sperm from blending into the semen when men discharge. Without sperm, fertilizati

Group Dynamics in Psychology Essay -- Papers

Questions and Answers About Group Dynamics in Psychology 1. How does every last one of the two fit the meaning of a gathering? Social-In my social gathering, plainly we are an assortment of people guided by jobs and standards. We, as companions, plainly impact one another, fulfill individual needs through affiliation, and could be named a unit because of our regular connection and degree of similiarity. I likewise notice an incredible level of reliance. That is, evnts influencing one will in general influence all of us here and there or another. Work-Contrastingly, in my work gathering, I don't discover as much comparability and individual need satisfaction. In this gathering, I watch a more prominent accentuation on objective accomplishment. At work, we accomplish objectives that we would some way or another be not able to achieve independently. I too perceive a feeling of relationship as we are completely influenced by changes including any single representative. 2. Name the five fundamental components for viability in gatherings and examine each as for the two gatherings. a) Positive Interdependence Social: In my social gathering for instance, we regularly help one another with the end goal that we can achieve gathering objectives and needs. I recollect one episode in secondary school w... ...ate into individual assaults. 10. Examine the significance of activity hypothesis and figuring out how to Group Dynamics (in your own words). By what method can your realizing experience be upgraded by your conduct? So as to be a successful contributer to a gathering, one must know about the results of their different practices. What's more, one must have an entrenched arrangement of activity hypotheses from which to pick when endeavoring to arrive at an ideal result. Moreover so as to guarantee bunch achievement, people must have the option to perceive when conduct becomes inadequate with the end goal that activity hypotheses can be altered. This learning procedure can be upgraded by the readiness to face challenges and test with various practices. As Herbert Otto said Change and development happen when an individual has gambled himself and sets out to get engaged with exploring different avenues regarding his own life.

International marketing communication Assignment

Universal promoting correspondence - Assignment Example This paper targets utilizing Nike case investigation to investigate the guarantees and hazards of globalization in the advanced society. The paper is reacting to the inquiries identified with the topic of conversation, and a determination is given as a summation of the guarantee and dangers of globalization. Established in 1964, Nike (at first Blue Ribbon Sports) has become a worldwide famous producer of sports’ apparatuses and its personal stake in sports style has earned a worldwide market as the world head in plan, dispersion and promoting of athletic footwear (Frisch, 2009). Nike organization re-appropriated its shoe creation in lower-cost areas as a methodology of underselling its rivals and break into the serious market. It created solid working associations with other shoe makers in the area, and this caused it to have a serious piece of the pie (Mahon, 2009; Kobayashi, 2012). For example in Japan, it had a working relationship with Nippon Rubber and Nihon-Koyo however because of the tight work advertise and a move in the dollar/yen conversion scale, Nike severed and re-appropriated different choices focusing on lower-cost makers. This systems administration with other lead makers and providers empowered Nike to open up assembling plants in different pieces of the world jus t as have a piece of the overall industry of its items (Frisch, 2009). The creation cost of a facilitating nation decided Nike’s future. At the point when the expense of creation expanded, Nike Company moved into lower-cost nations where it will break into the footwear showcase with cutting edge models of athletic shoe. As such globalization has empowered Nike to extend the market for its items all through the world (Frankiewicz and Churchill, 2011). Through connecting with other lead providers, Nike widen its piece of the overall industry by building up assembling plants over the world and putting its workers in these recently settled

Management & Organisational Behaviour - The Change is Coming Essay

The executives and Organizational Behavior - The Change is Coming - Essay Example If there should be an occurrence of Tracey Foods Production, representative inspiration is probably going to go down in view of the normal changes in the authoritative frameworks. For this situation, it is the obligation of the directors to find a way to manufacture the degree of worker inspiration to put forth them put their attempts in expanding the profitability of the organization. Correspondence with workers and other staff individuals is likewise vital so as to roll out authoritative improvements viable and result-situated. In addition, the top administration of the organization additionally needs to find a way to rebuild the way of life and work approach so as to cause the organization to achieve its objectives viably and productively. Answer 1: 1. Requirement for Increasing Motivation is the way to expanded worker efficiency. It is basic for the administration of an organization to find a way to construct worker inspiration. Williams (2010, p. 1) states, â€Å"Motivating ind ividuals to accomplish their best work, reliably, has been a suffering test for officials and managers†. Be that as it may, worker and the board inspiration could be influenced because of the progressions that are brought inside an association because of the fluctuation in inner and outside condition. ... Those human needs incorporate requirement for power, requirement for association, and requirement for accomplishment. The top administration of Tracey Food Production can utilize this hypothesis to make workers mindful of their needs of intensity and accomplishment which can at last be utilized for expanding the inspiration level of representatives regardless of the every single foreseen change. 2.1 Need for Power One of the necessities of representatives is power. Workers need to be remembered for dynamic issues, just as in other administrative undertakings somewhat. To assemble representative inspiration organizations can share some administration power with the key workers. They can likewise include the workers in dynamic issues to cause them to feel esteemed. In addition, counseling representatives in making diverse business techniques, just as in setting worker advantage systems can likewise demonstrate compelling for an organization. Every representative needs to be contemplate d during the period of dynamic or technique advancement. Hence, if Tracey Food thinks about these requirements of representatives while creating or executing methodologies, the outcomes would be useful for the organization. for instance, if the administration welcomes representatives to give their proposals in business arranging, they will feel esteemed and the degree of their inspiration increment will increment also. 2.2 Need for Achievement The requirement for accomplishment is the need of a person to achieve his/her own and expert objectives. Tracey Food Production can make representatives mindful of the significance of accomplishing company’s objectives in an opportune way. The top administration of the organization can spur the representatives to make a solid effort to show signs of improvement work positions which can assume a critical job in the achievement of their own objectives. In addition,

Environmental and Social Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in Botany Bay Free Essays

Natural and Social Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in Botany Bay; When arranging seaward wind cultivates the accompanying effects are concentrated to ensure the purposed venture has a net advantage earth. Steps would then be able to be taken to deal with any negative effect coming about because of the development of the breeze ranches. Ecological Impact: Botany Bay has a differing marine life the effect of the breeze turbines on the earth; have shockingly appeared to create fake reefs. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ecological and Social Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in Botany Bay or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now An ongoing report; â€Å"Effect of the Horns Rev 1 Offshore Wind Farm on Fish Communities†(Leonhard, Stenberg, Stottrup;2011) has delivered positive outcomes delineating the turbines have no unfriendly impact to the marine life; and has really expanded the number of inhabitants in certain types of fish in the zone. It is additionally demonstrated the most unsettling influence will coming in the development phase of creation. Wind cultivates additionally would have consequences for the nearby flying creature life; as both a crash chance with the rotors and aggravation and obstruction impact to relocating winged creatures. Plant science Bay is noted to have near seventeen types of shorebirds provoking the requirement for additional exploration to be taken a gander at feathered creature conduct the territory. Social Impact: Many investigations have been created to audit wind turbines impact on the soundness of individuals; an Australian examination â€Å"Wind Turbines and Health† (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2010) presumed that general breeze ranches have negligible wellbeing impacts contrasted with wellbeing weights of regular power age. The idea of â€Å"wind turbine syndrome† incorporates the more regrettable of the unfriendly medical problems; engaged with hear misfortune and a sleeping disorder coming about because of commotion levels of the breeze cultivates however it is by and large accepted to be a nocebo response to the nearness of wind turbine. The commotion level of 10 turbines at 350 meters is 35-45 dbA, in contrast with a standard calm room being 35 dbA. The principle real medical problem incorporates disturbance sway by local people and as indicated by World Health Organization (WHO; 1999) inconvenience is an unfriendly wellbeing impact. Regarding the arranged breeze ranch at Botany Bay’s region; planning seaward incredibly diminishes the sound and visual effect; Being out of sight to have no shadow flash with no impact. Additionally situated in such a urban zone sound from city is found to balance the clamor level of the breeze turbines (Ion Paraschivoiu). Recreational angling in Botany Bay is a huge fascination in Botany Bay with business angling right now restricted. A few fake reefs were development in 2006 to help fish living spaces. With the capability of progressively fake reefs from the breeze ranches; marine untamed life will hope to flourish; anyway working of seaward wind homesteads will present security issues to angling in the zone. Shutting angling regions nearest to the breeze ranches might be important to give legitimate wellbeing; which will in all likelihood aggravate nearby anglers. Ecological and Social effect of seaward wind ranches can't be messed with and for more intensive look on such impacts appropriate nitty gritty examination must be made on the encompassing untamed life and populace of Botany Bay. Book reference NSW Department of Primary Industries. (2006). Six fake reefs for Botany Bay. Accessible: http://www. dpi. nsw. gov. au/chronicle/news-discharges/angling and-aquaculture/2006/counterfeit reefs-plant science sound Last got to 12 Oct 2012. Science Daily. (2010). Seaward Wind Power and Wave Energy Devices Create Artificial Reefs. Accessible: http://www. sciencedaily. com/discharges/2010/01/100118132130. htm Last got to 12 Oct 2012. The Fish Site News Desk. (2010). Seaward Wind Power Creates Artificial Reefs. Accessible: http://www. thefishsite. com/fishnews/11577/seaward wind-power-makes fake reefs Last got to 12 Oct 2012. Hazel Watson. (2010). Shorebirds of Botany sound. Accessible: http://www. wetrivers. unsw. edu. au/look into ventures/shorebirds/shorebirds-of-herbal science inlet/Last got to 12 Oct 2012. The Society for Wind Vigilance. (2010). Disturbance and Wind Turbines. Accessible: http://www. windvigilance. com/about-antagonistic wellbeing impacts/inconvenience and-wind-turbines Last got to 12 Oct 2012. Magnus Johnson. (2009). Fisheries, the earth and seaward wind ranches: Location, area, area.. Available:http://www. the scholarly world. edu/892929/Fisheries_the_environment_and_offshore_wind_farms_Location_location_location Last got to 12 Oct 2012. Feasible Development Commission (United Kingdom) (SDC), (2005): Wind Power in the UK: A manual for the key issues encompassing coastal breeze power advancement in the UK, Government of the United Kingdom, England. Accessible at: http://www. sdcommission. organization. uk/World Health Organization (2004): Energy, supportable turn of events and wellbeing. Foundation record for the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health, 23-25 June 2004, Geneva. Rogers A, Manwell J Wright S. (2006): Wind Turbine Acoustic Noise. Sustainable power source Research Laboratory, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Wind Turbine Design: With Emphasis on Darrieus Concept by Ion Paraschivoiu Step by step instructions to refer to Environmental and Social Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in Botany Bay, Papers

Types of Depression Commonly Found in Teens

Types of Depression Commonly Found in Teens Depression Childhood Depression Print Types of Depression Commonly Found in Teens By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Aron Janssen, MD on November 19, 2019 linkedin Aron Janssen, MD is board certified in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry and is the vice chair of child and adolescent psychiatry Northwestern University.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Aron Janssen, MD Updated on January 22, 2020 More in Depression Childhood Depression Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Suicide Depression is common during adolescence and it  may look different in teens than adults. Teens often seem more irritable than sad when theyre depressed. But, not all depression is created equal. The word depression is used to describe a variety of conditions. There are four main types of depression that commonly affect teenagers. Recognizing the signs and symptoms can be key to getting a teen treatment. And early intervention can often be key to successful treatment.   1. Adjustment Disorder With Depressed Mood An adjustment disorder occurs in response to a life event.  Moving to a new school, the death of a loved one or dealing with a parents’ divorce are examples of changes that can spur an adjustment disorder in teens. Adjustment disorders begin within a few months of the event and may last up to six months.?? If symptoms persist beyond six months, another diagnosis would be more appropriate. Although brief in nature, adjustment disorders can interfere with sleep, school work, and social functioning. Your teen may benefit from talk therapy to teach him new skills or help him cope with the stressful situation. 2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) is a low grade, chronic depression that lasts for more than a year. Teens with dysthymia are often irritable and they may have low energy, low self-esteem, and feelings of hopelessness. Their eating habits and sleeping patterns may also be disturbed. Frequently, dysthymia interferes with concentration and decision making. Its estimated that roughly 11 percent of teens, ages 13 to 18, experience dysthymia.?? Although dysthymia isn’t as severe as major depression, the long duration can take a serious toll on a teen’s life. It can interfere with learning, socialization, and overall functioning. Dysthymia also makes a teen more susceptible to other mood disorders later in life. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication are often very effective in treating dysthymia.   3. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression followed by periods of mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania). Both the depressive and manic states will last anywhere from a couple of weeks to many months. Symptoms of mania include a reduced need for sleep, difficulty focusing, and a short-temper. During a manic episode, a teen is likely to talk fast, feel very happy or silly, and be willing to engage in risky behavior. Many teens engage in high-risk sexual behavior during a manic episode.?? Teens with bipolar disorder will likely experience significant impairment in their daily functioning. Their severe mood changes interfere with their education and friendships. Bipolar is treatable but not curable. Bipolar is usually best treated with a combination of medication and therapy. 4. Major Depression   Major depression is the most serious form of depression. It is estimated that 13 percent of teens, ages 12 to 17, experienced at least one episode of major depression in 2017, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.?? Younger children have about equal rates of depression based on gender. After puberty, however, girls are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression.?? Symptoms of major depression include persistent sadness and irritability, talk about suicide, a lack of interest in enjoyable activities and frequent reports of physical aches and pains. Major depression can cause severe impairments at home and at school. Treatment usually involves therapy and may include medication. Treatment for Depression Unfortunately, many teens go undiagnosed and untreated. Often, adults dont recognize the signs of depression in young people. If you notice changes in your teens mood or behavior that lasts longer than two weeks, schedule an appointment with the doctor. Express your concerns and describe the symptoms that youre seeing. Make it clear to your teen that you dont think shes weak or crazy. Instead, talk about a mental health issue the same way you would discuss a physical health problem. Explain that emotional problems need healing the same way physical health problems do. And sometimes, depression  requires an exam and treatment beyond what youre able to do at home. Find Help With the 7 Best Online Resources for Depression Your childs physician may refer you to a psychotherapist or a psychiatrist for further assessment and treatment. Talk therapy, family therapy, group therapy, and medication may be treatment options. Treatment will be based on the type of depression your teen has and the severity of her symptoms.

Restrictions on Marketing Activities in Islamic Countries - 550 Words

Restrictions on Marketing Activities in Islamic Countries (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course Number:Date:RESTRICTIONS ON MARKETING ACTIVITIES IN ISLAMIC COUNTRIESSeveral factors challenge marketing in Islamic countries. The setup of advertising in these countries is complicated in the perception of the Western norms. In consequence, it has been an alarming issue as Muslims do not match their culture with that of the western world. The products from the west are popular in these countries, but their promotion is restricted since their religion and culture has to be respected and adhered.The Western goods face rejection since the targeted Islamic consumers mostly want to conform to their old commodities of Islamic origin. The products from the Western world are also not considered to comply with the Sharia law thus not Halal. For instance, wine, pork, and meat exported to their country and is slaughtered. Thus, influencing certain categories of commodities such as food and drinks, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. More so, the Islamic countrie s want to promote their brands at the global level just like the Western world. In consequence, it acts as a hindrance to the marketing activity (Terpstra 132). As a result, it has facilitated increased number of the educated middle class in these countries creating a thrust of developing local businesses and commodities that are highly competitive with the Western brands. Therefore, creating an unfriendly atmosphere to the Western brands.The Islamic religion poses some restrictions on marketing in many ways. Religion, for instance, dictates the acceptance of some foods, clothing, and behavior which in turn influences the reaction to some promotional utterances to be accepted or rejected. For instance, in Muslim countries, if advertisements give so much attention to physical functions, the promotions are regarded as immoral, the commodities would thus be rejected. An example of how the Islamic religion influences marketing is in the Middle East where the selling and marketing of por k products are illegal.Islamic faith also dictates the role of women in business where their position differs from those in the Western countries. It has an implication in marketing where an advertising company cannot use women as marketing personnel and their consumption role may be a challenge. In Islamic countries, advertisers only access women through female sales representatives, direct advertising, and female specialty shops (FAM et al., 540). In Saudi Arabia, women do not drive their cars; they do not own private businesses and restrictions are imposed on men from entering the few retail businesses owned by women. Thus, male marketers cannot access women in their activities thus restricting the marketing process.The structure of marketing in Islamic countries has its distinct features: the type of commodities, the profit margin, and the nature of business dealings. These features together dictate the philosophy of the marketing tactics to be incorporated so as to conform to the Islamic framework of values and principles (FAM et al., 550). Different Islamic cultures influence marketing. For instance, the responsibilities of family and the traditions of the tribe portray the importance of respected family members, oral communication and customer referrals may be essential. Therefore, a marketer should emphasize on family roles when promoting home related commodities. Sales...

Professional Ethics Essay - 1208 Words

What Are Professional Ethics The nature of ethics in a professional setting are a frame work of agreements and understandings that have come together in order to ensure a mutually beneficial relationship between all parties. This is the case in any kind of business relationship was well as the in the field of the helping profession. However I think it is more so the case in the helping profession than any other due to the nature of the relationship. In a business venture the parties are more or less equal relatively speaking. They seek out and engage in practices that are profitable; however, sometimes a lack of ethics can overtake and lead them astray. Instances of insider trading are an example of this, unbalanced and therefore unethical†¦show more content†¦More simply put ethics keep â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† on an even keel. They allow us to navigate when all points of reference are lost in a fog and the only guide we have is our own moral compass. What I Have Learned I feel like this course has affirmed many of the ethical principles I have always held. Although, this is not to say that I did not learn anything. I think that the questions and situations posed in this class were indeed some of the harder I have ever seen and had been asked to answer. This by default only serves to broaden my ethical standpoint and fine tune my ethical compass. But at the same time I feel that I was not able to answer some of the questions without leaving some kind of shortfall of one party or the other. I think this speaks to the complexity and density of the situations we were asked to traverse. On the same token I think in some instances we were asked to circumvent the rules in order to arrive at the best possible answer for the person involved. While this, in some cases, can deliver a positive outcome it exposes the provider by eliminating certain safe guards that are meant to protect both client and counselor. 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Passing under criticism these three concepts allows evaluating my own philosophy and comparing its compliance to the professional military ethic. Duty ethics or deontology assesses all actions based on a series of rules. This concept views the morality of any action from one angle, the respect of rules. On other words, duty ethics is the set of rules governing a group, the conductRead MoreThe Professional Codes Of Ethics805 Words   |  4 Pageslives. According to â€Å"Chapter 1† in the professional codes of ethics section, there are different helping profession and each one has their guidelines of ethics to follow. It’s a good thing to want to help people and to work in the helping profession, but to help minimize the damage that could occur there are professional codes of ethics and laws put in place. Summary The focus of â€Å"Chapter 1† consisted of helping practitioners learn professional ethics which was pointed out on the first pageRead MoreProfessional Ethics Paper1903 Words   |  8 PagesProfessional Ethics Paper Barbara Morrissey HCS/478 January 23, 2012 Ann-Marie Peckham Professional Ethics Paper Medical professionals have a responsibility to their clients to deliver safe, quality care with regard for patients’ individuality, needs, and desires. Patients seek out professional health care with their own goals in mind. Their goals may not match ours, but we as health care providers have a duty to inform and treat our clients with competence and afford them the utmost dignity

The Main Classifications of Criminal Offenses

In the United States, there are three primary classifications of criminal offenses — felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions. Each classification is distinguished from each other by the seriousness of the offense and the amount of punishment for which someone convicted of the crime can receive. What Is a Criminal Offense? Criminal offenses are further classified as property crimes or personal crimes. Elected officials on the federal, state, and local levels pass laws that establish which behavior constitutes a crime and what the punishment will be for someone who is found guilty of those crimes. What Is a Felony? Felonies are the most serious classification of crimes, punishable by incarceration of more than a year in prison and in some cases, life in prison without parole or capital punishment. Both property crimes and person crimes can be felonies. Murder, rape, and kidnapping are felony crimes. Armed robbery and grand theft can also be felonies. Not only can the person who committed the crime be charged with a felony, so can anyone who aided or abetted the felon before or during the crime and anyone who became accessories to the crime after it was committed, such as those who help the felon avoid capture. Most states have different classifications of felonies, with increasing penalties for the most serious crimes. Each class of felony crimes has minimum and maximum sentencing guidelines. Crimes that are classified as felonies include: Aggravated AssaultAnimal CrueltyArsonDrug DistributionElder AbuseFelony AssaultGrand TheftKidnappingManslaughterManufacturing of drugsMurderRapeTax EvasionTreason Most states also classify felonies by capital felony, followed by first through fourth degree, depending on the severity. Although each state varies when determining the degree of a felony, most states with capital felony define it as a crime, such as murder, that qualifies for the death penalty or life without parole. Common first-degree felonies include arson, rape, murder, treason, and kidnapping; Second-degree felonies can include arson, manslaughter, drug manufacturing or distribution, child pornography, and child molestation. Third and fourth-degree felonies can include pornography, involuntary manslaughter, burglary, larceny, driving under the influence, and assault and battery. Prison Sentences for Felonies Each state determines the prison sentence handed down for felony crimes based on guidelines determined by the degree of the crime. Class A is usually used to classify the most serious felonies, such as first-degree murder, rape, involuntary servitude of a minor, kidnapping in the first degree, or other crimes that are considered to be heinous. Some Class A felonies carry the toughest penalties, such as the death penalty. Each state has its own set of classifications of criminal laws. A Class B felony is a classification of crimes that are severe, yet not the most serious of crimes. Because a Class B felony is a felony, it carries tough penalties, such as a lengthy prison sentence and extreme fines. Here is an example of Texas and then Floridas felony sentencing guidelines. Texas Sentencing: Capital Felony:  Death or life without parole.First-Degree Felony: Five to 99 years  incarceration  and up to a $10,000 fine.Second-Degree Felony:  Two to 20 years incarceration and up to a $10,000 fine.Third-Degree Felony:  Two to 10 years  incarceration  and up to a $10,000 fine. Florida Maximum Sentencing: Life Felony: Up to life in prison  incarceration  and up to a $15,000 fine.First-Degree Felony: Up to 30 years  incarceration  and up to a $10,000 fine.Second-Degree Felony: Up to 15 years  incarceration  and up to a $10,000 fine.Third-Degree Felony: Up to five years  incarceration  and up to a $5,000 fine. What Is a Misdemeanor? Misdemeanors are crimes that do not rise to the severity of a felony. They are lesser crimes for which the maximum sentence is 12 months or less in jail. The distinction between misdemeanors and felonies lies within the seriousness of the crime. Aggravated assault (beating someone with a baseball bat, for example) is a felony, while simple battery (slapping someone in the face) is a misdemeanor. But some crimes that are usually treated as misdemeanors in the courts can rise to the level of a felony under certain circumstances. For example, in some states, possession of less than an ounce of marijuana is a misdemeanor, but possession of more than an ounce is considered possession with intent to distribute and is treated as a felony. Likewise, an arrest for driving under the influence is usually a misdemeanor, but if anyone was hurt or killed or if it is not the drivers first DUI offense, the charge can become a felony. What Is an Infraction? Infractions are crimes for which jail time is usually not a possible sentence. Sometimes known as petty crimes, infractions are often punishable by fines, which can be paid without even going to court. Most infractions are local laws or ordinances passed as a deterrence to dangerous or nuisance behavior, such as setting speed limits in school zones, no parking zones, traffic laws, or anti-noise ordinances. Infractions can also include operating a business without the proper license or improperly disposing of trash. Under some circumstances, an infraction can rise to the level of a more serious crime. Running a stop sign might be a minor infraction, but not stopping for the sign and causing damage or injury is a more serious offense. Capital Crimes Capital crimes are those which are punishable by death. They are, of course, felonies. The difference between other classes of felonies and capital felonies is the fact that those accused of capital crimes can pay the ultimate penalty, the loss of their life.

Year Round Schooling Could be a Positive Change Essay

Summer vacation. For most children and teens, the phrase conjures up images of hot, sunny days and vacations with the whole family to far-off places. We all envision lazy afternoons relaxing on the beach, playing in water parks, and going on picnics. But what happens when summer ends and the reality of another year of school sinks in? A large portion of the knowledge gained during the last school year is lost over the long idle months and must be retaught for weeks, which wastes a lot of time that could be spent learning new material. This puts students behind in that year’s curriculum, and over many summers, can add up to students being months or years behind where they would be if no learning was lost. There is a solution to this†¦show more content†¦This shows that year-round school is at least as good as the traditional schedule in helping students learn. Year-round school also allows more time for remedial classes during the breaks, which can help students who are falling behind during the school year catch back up. This is in contrast with summer school, which only occurs after school is over and students are finished with the curriculum, making students have to start a totally new class just to catch up. Remedial classes reinforce material that is fresh in students’ minds instead of f orcing them to recall something they may have learned half a year ago and probably forgotten. This once again cuts down on the time it takes to bring students up to speed with their classes. Another important advantage for many school districts is that year-round school can enable multi-track schedules. A multi-track schedule is one in which teachers and students are divided into equally sized groups called tracks (Gerard 1). Each track attends school and has vacation at the same time, but there is always at least one track on vacation at any time (1). This is somewhat analogous to our P.E. system at Johnston High. Imagine if everyone had P.E. on the same day; we’d never be able to manage students or fit them into the gyms. This is comparable to ourShow MoreRelated Abstract Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The topic of year round schooling is quite controversial and greatly misconceived by the public. Most school systems tend to steer clear of the idea due to lack of support and academic success. Year-round schooling is not for everyone. Benefits however, include downsizing of schools, the reduction of building construction, and the ability to effectively meet the demands of the community. Students and teachers are typically placed on a multi-track schedule instead of the general nineRead MoreGraduation Speech : Year Round Schooling1478 Words   |  6 PagesYear-Round Schooling Why were schools traditionally set up to give students the summer off? When schools started, most of the students came from a farming family and they needed to be out of school to help on the farm. Many people know that there are not as many students coming from farming families today, so why do most schools still operate on this schedule? While some parents believe that year-round schooling decreases family time and causes student burn out, in reality, frequent breaks providedRead MoreGraduation Speech : Year Round Schooling1635 Words   |  7 PagesYear-Round Schooling The average school period is one hundred and eighty days with small breaks in between and a three-month break during summer to ease students’ minds and let them relax. The Board of Education should make all schools in the United States year-round to increase educational time and decrease the loss of knowledge over the breaks. It gives students the same time to relax and plan family vacations periodically throughout the year, but never creates the stress of changing sleep schedulesRead MoreEssay on Improving the Quality of Education1256 Words   |  6 Pagesand thirty years, it may be time for a change. We have heard how the United States ranks in comparison to other post-industrial countries in regards to education. One idea that has proven to be successful in improving the education level of students is â€Å"year round schooling†. Year round schooling would improve the quality of education and the overall school environment. Making this type of change would b e a start in increasing the value of our school systems. The term â€Å"year round school† doesRead MoreShould Year Round School Be A Positive Impact On The Lives Of Students?997 Words   |  4 PagesDoes year round school truly have a positive impact in the lives of students? Various studies do suggest that year round school is helpful. There are some disadvantages to this type of schooling that are preventing all schools from switching to this type of scheduling. In earlier times schools were only teaching throughout half of the year so that school would be out of session when it was time to work in the fields. This type of scheduling is still common today even though only a small portionRead MoreDisadvantages Of Homeschooling1426 Words   |  6 Pagesfor educating children K-12 along with public schooling and private schooling. Homeschooling can be chosen for negative reasons, such as sheltering children or providing an easier opportunity for parental abuse. It is somewhat controversial both legally and socially with stigmas attached to it that are not always true. However, homeschooling is a form of education that has many benefits. It can provide a safe environment and be a worthwhile positive option for parents and students. With this, homeschoolingRead MoreYear-Round Schools . Think About What It Is Like To Not1854 Words   |  8 PagesYear-Round Schools Think about what it is like to not have a summer. One could not do fun summer camps, go on once in a life time summer vacations, or get a fun summer job. If year-round schools were put into place everywhere, one would only have a thirty-day summer, or less, instead of a three- month summer. They would be hitting the books at school instead of lying out at the pool and relaxing from all the stress that year of school brought. Imagine never truly getting a break from school, toRead More History of the Traditional School Calendar Essay3013 Words   |  13 Pagesthere was no need for schooling (McLain, 1973). However, as people branched out into neighboring areas, they needed to learn new skills, such as basic arithmetic to price items, measure land, and more (McLain, 1973). As a result, it became the responsibility of those who were less needed on the farm or in the factory to acquire knowledge for the family (McLain, 1973). Accordingly, children went to school to learn the skills they needed for life. In rural areas, the school year lasted for five to sixRead MoreEssay about Year Round Education: A New Perspective2525 Words   |  11 PagesYear Round Education: A New Perspective Introduction Over the years we have gained aspect to all the new technologies and advancements that have improved the educational system. Each innovation has helped in some way or another to develop better academic programs in schools around the United States. Recently, a proposal has been made to change the traditional school year of nine-months to a year-round program that has sparked controversy all over. Despite controversy though, there areRead MoreIs Year Round Schooling More Effective?2086 Words   |  9 Pages8663641 1-4 English III 9 December 2016 Is Year-Round Schooling More Effective? The world is constantly progressing without a break. Why should we take one? â€Å"Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family†. We as people on Earth make progress all the time. We have to, the only way to do this is thorough Knowledge and Comprehension. It also takes consistency working at getting smarter not being distracted by knowledge. â€Å"A good

Our Identity Changes According to Where We Are and Who We...

Our identity changes according to where we are and who we are with. Outside influences have a strong capability to influence and alter our personal identity. Both directly and indirectly, the social contexts in which we live can change the way we think and feel, and by extension how we interact with other people and places. Immediate family, friendship groups and the physical environment are all factors which contribute to our ever changing perceptions of ourselves. Sometimes personal identity can be subtly reshaped over a gradual time frame, as our sense of who we are is modified without personal recognition that we are changing. At other times we may be able to notice our personal identity changing, through important life decisions.†¦show more content†¦It is primarily our own decision to associate with a desired group of people. The way others see us, as well as the way we see ourselves can change as a result. In the movie Witness, it is evident that Rachel is quite fond of John Book. In the scene where she is dancing with him, a change i n her identity becomes apparent. She steers away from all past influences from her family and religion, and is driven to act like John. She feels a need to relate to him, and is envious of his behaviour. Her behaviour then reflects a woman who is not of Amish belief, much to the dismay of her father. Where we are, in a general sense, refers to where we live. The aspects of where we are which relate to personal identity involve how the society is run, and its physical features. Different societies have a vast difference in laws, governments, religions, cultures and general ethics. These will then translate to how the people who live there choose to behave. A strict society with harsh regulations and punishments will cause people to be more reserved and controlled. A society with a high level of violence and unethical behaviour will usually cause future generations to act similarly. The physical features of a location can also influence behaviour and identity. For example, the residents of a society on the beach will have certain typical and expected behaviour, which then translates to a particular lifestyle. Identity is able to be influenced and altered by where weShow MoreRelatedThere Comes A Time In Life Where We Finally Reach A Point1683 Words   |  7 PagesThere comes a time in life where we finally reach a point where we begin to settle down with someone, fall in love, get married, and eventually try for a baby. People wait nine-months of long and hard obstacles to finally meet their baby boy or baby girl. One cannot help but have a certain mindset already placed for each gender that they are expecting. A feminine floral pink baby shower for a girl or a blue, masculine one for a boy. As much as we want to say that things are better now and the rolesRead MoreIdentity and Belonging Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesIDENTITY AND BELONGING ‘Knowing where you belong is essential to our sense of identity’ The quest for personal discovery is a journey which every individual must undergo. The development of a sense of self is one of the greatest achievements one can derive from life. Identity is made up of a constellation of characteristics, none more essential than the sense of belonging we feel with others. Humans by nature are social creatures and as such, we all have an instinctual desire for acceptanceRead MoreHow Is Gender Identity Influenced by Social Structures? Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is meant by identity? Firstly this essay is going to explore what is meant by identity. Identity is made up of individual characteristics by which a person is known. Internal factors such as physical appearance, personality, mental ability and sex would have an affect on a persons identity. Then there are the external factors such as family, class, religion, culture, occupation and nationality which would influence ones identity. Then, even beyond all these personal and social structu res,Read More Gender Identity and Social Structures Essay examples1293 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity and Social Structures What is meant by identity? Firstly this essay is going to explore what is meant by identity. Identity is made up of individual characteristics by which a person is known. Internal factors such as physical appearance, personality, mental ability and sex would have an effect on a person’s identity. Then there are the external factors such as family, class, religion, culture, occupation and nationality which would influence one’s identity. Then, even beyondRead MoreHume s Identity Of A Man Is A Fiction888 Words   |  4 PagesHume believes that personal identity is not the feeling of existence of what is called the self as many philosophers believe. He proposes that every idea is the product of one impression. The self is not one impression, but is all of our impressions that combined Impressions could be pain, pleasure, grief, or joy, but they do not happen at the same time, they follow each other. Hume uses the theater analogy to explain this (Hume). The mind is the stage where perceptions make their appearance. TheyRead MoreSociety s Effect On Society1419 Words   |  6 PagesSociety has a set way of perceiving everyone in the world. There are set things and places in which we all â€Å"belong† to and if we do not fit that then we somehow find ourselves isolated from the normal population. People dream and long for the day where they can fulfill the â€Å"American† dream where they settle down with someone of the opposite gender, fall in love, get married, and eventually try for a baby. People wait for nine-months of long and hard obstacles to finally meet their baby boy or babyRead MoreCommunication through Fashion1777 Words   |  7 Pages1. Identity is peoples concepts of who they are, of what sort of people they are, and how they relate to others (Hogg and Abrams: 1988: 2) To gain knowledge of how we communicate to others through the way we dress, we have to first understand what identity is. Identity is what we choose to represent ourselves as, be that a gender identity, a sexual identity; it is completely up to the individual as a person to make that choice. Identity forms the basis of one’s pride and being accepted sociallyRead MoreControversy Of Sex Changes And The Rights Of Transgenders1335 Words   |  6 PagesControversy of Sex Changes and the Rights of Transgenders What defines our gender? Is it the fact that we were born with certain genitals? Or that our parents dressed us in pink or blue? Is our gender defined by the toys we played with as children and the interests we had as young adults? While most of us identify as the gender we were born as, over one million people in the US alone admit to being transgender. Transgender is ‘an umbrella term that refers to those with identities that cross over, moveRead MoreHuman Development And Identity Development1741 Words   |  7 PagesIn the following essay I will be discussing two particular aspects of human development and behavior; personality and identity. I will then demonstrate an understanding of two psychological theories which can help understand influences on personality and identity development. Finally, I will look into further detail at Holmes and Rahe and identity two life events which I can relate to the case study and the impact it’s had on the individual. There has been an ongoing debate within society for aRead MoreThe Concept Of A Personal Identity1366 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of a personal identity develops as we grow. In this way, our identity shifts and changes because as we grow, we change. This evolution brings up the question of what makes up our personal identity. Is our identity qualitative in the sense that if we look the same as we did yesterday, we are the same? That theory has some overt problems in that twins, for example, may look identical, but they are not in fact the same person. Personal identity can be considered numerical in that we are actually the

Techniques for Building Strong Customer Relationships Free Essays

Your first strategy to building a strong customer relationship could be to make every customer interaction count. Don’t take a single customer for granted. Each and every interaction with a customer is a gift and should be valued. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques for Building Strong Customer Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now You can achieve that by setting up a focus group made up of loyal customers. A focus group can be a vital tool to getting into the mind of your customers and knowing their needs. Another strategy is to really listen to customers. Even complaints can be a gift if handled properly and quickly. Be available and accessible when customers have questions, concerns, or comments. Humans always look for someone to talk to or share their problems with, and if you can listen more to your customers, you will end up knotting the bond between the customer and your business. I think one of the strongest strategies that are important would be to build a strong brand identity. Make it easy for your customers to identify your business or products in the midst of the crowd. Create a winning slogan, tagged with a catchy logo and a unique theme. Most importantly, make a specific promise and deliver on that promise. One of my favorites is to reward loyal customers as a strategy. This is a point that can never be over emphasized, because most businesses go after new customers while forgetting that the existing customers need to be taken care of. Introducing a loyalty program is a very effective relationship marketing strategy. Creating long lasting relationships helps to ensure long-lasting customers and repeat sales. Nothing strengthens a bond more than appreciation, and thanking customers for sticking to your brand will go a long way to make them know they are important. A simple thank you package might be all your business needs to connect personally with your existing customers. Customers want to know that they are valued and appreciated as an individual. Showing existing customers that value and appreciation encourages them to refer their colleagues, friends, and others to your business. How to cite Techniques for Building Strong Customer Relationships, Papers

Mastering Strategic Management

Question: Discuss about the Mastering Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Human resource management deals with the management of human resources in a business organisation by performing functions, such as training and development, recruitment and selection, workforce planning, performance management, career development, etc. One of the most important functions that a human resource management of a business organisation performs is workforce planning and recruitment of candidates in order to the workforce demands identified in the workforce planning phase (Mondy and Mondy, 2014). In order to carry a recruitment process and to achieve good results, it is important that the human resource management of business organisations prepare job descriptions and job specifications (collectively known as job analysis) of all those openings that are required to be filled in an organisation. Job description is a written document that contains all the important information that is required to advertise for job openings and attract a sufficient pool of talent. Information, such as job title, job location, reporting to and of employees, summary of the job, nature of the job, tasks and duties to be performed by the recruited candidates, etc. all is mentioned under the job description section. On the other hand, job specification (also known as employee specification) is a written document that contains all the necessary information about the educational qualifications, qualities, experience, technical skills, etc. required to perform the job opening that is being advertised (Managementstudyguide.com, n.d.). Job Analysis for a Car Mechanic A car mechanic, or an automobile technician, is a person who is expert in dealing with automobile related issues. Efficient automobile technicians are in a great demand when it comes to the automobile industry as the automobile industry is on a constant lookout for technicians that are completely aware about the machinery used in different types of automobiles and those who have a complete knowledge of what they are doing. The job analysis for an automobile technician will comprise of preparing job description and job specification for the job opening. In order to conduct a job analysis or to prepare job description job specification, there are a number of techniques that a human resource manager can use. Some of these techniques are discussed below: Direct observation in this method, a human resource manager directly observes the employees who are already working on the same job post. Interview method in this method, a human resource manager can conduct an interview where the respondents are the employees who are working on the same job post Questionnaire method in this method, a human resource manager can prepare a questionnaire and can get it filled up from multiple employees working on the same job post Research in this method, a human resource manager can use various online and offline resources or existing data to conduct a job analysis (Managementstudyguide.com, n.d.). The job analysis for a car mechanic or an automobile technician has been conducted by using the interview and the research method, the details of which are mentioned in the human resource and non-human resource appendix. Job Description The job description for an automobile mechanic is given below: Requirement of a permanent automobile mechanic in the XYZ Motor Companys Virginia outlet The salary will range from $16/hour to $25/hour depending upon the capabilities of the candidates The working hours will be from 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. while a lunch break of 30 minutes will be provided in the afternoon (the lunch will be provided to the employees by the company itself). Will be required to report directly to the head technician or the service manager of the workshop Communicate with the customers and gather feedback about the problems that they are facing with their vehicles Inspection of engines of vehicles and any other parts with which the customer reports an issue Diagnoses of the issues identified and resolve them in the best possible manner Conducting day-to-day maintenance of incoming vehicles, such as replacement of worn out spare parts, refilling of engine oil, engine coolant, washer fluids, lubrication, etc. Repair or replacement of broken or dysfunctional or damaged spare parts Providing estimates and costs to the customers, which will be inclusive of all the labour cost and the cost of the spare parts Testing vehicles for any major or minor faults and reporting about them to the customer Scheduling future services Maintenance of all machinery and equipment that will be required for carrying out the job operations Ensure delivery of vehicles within the time period specified before the commencement of service of the vehicle Ensure proper functioning of the vehicles (Monster Hiring Resource Center, n.d.) Maintain a record of all the spare parts repaired or replaced in a vehicle and also of all the operations that are carried out to ensure proper functioning of vehicles. Job Specifications The job specifications for an automobile mechanic are discussed below: Should have a minimum experience of 5 years while working as a mechanic in any automobile company or a workshop The candidate must be able to relocate to the facility where there is an opening in case he or she belongs to a different region Should possess a driving licence Should have fluency in the local language that the customers will use while communicating Should be able to fulfil the attendance requirements of the company and must not take unnecessarily leaves Should be willing to work in a complex environment and dealing with complex situations Should have a thorough knowledge about the key terms that are used in the profession Should have a detailed knowledge about the spare parts, fluids, nut bolts, networking, wiring, etc. that is used in a vehicle Should have an intellectual mind so that he or she can analyse the information that a vehicle owner shares with him or her Should possess excellent knowledge about the tools, equipment, machinery and the material that is used for the repair and maintenance of vehicles Should have complete knowledge of the working of vehicle machinery and should be able to identify the faults that a machinery is experiencing Should be aware of all the safety measures and precautions that an automobile mechanic must adhere to while working in a workshop Should have an excellent physical condition and should be active while at work Should be holder of a diploma, certificate from a vocational school or should have successfully completed an apprenticeship under an expert. Candidates with valid certification will be given awarded an extra weightage (Recruiting and Hiring Resources for Employers, n.d.) Recrutiment The organisational strategy to which the company adheres is a Focus Cost Leadership Strategy. An organisation that adheres to a focus cost leadership strategy basically competes with its competitors on the basis of price when it targets a narrow market. Meanwhile, it is not obvious that such an organisation charges the lowest prices (Open.lib.umn.edu, n.d.). It is important that the organisation carriers out its recruitment process in accordance with its overall strategy. Thus, it would have to hire some of the best candidates who can ensure high quality of services to the clients even though the charges of the company are comparatively lower than its competitors. In general, there are two ways to carry out a recruitment process i.e. internal recruitment and external recruitment. In internal recruitment, human resource managers fulfil the human resource demands of their companies by hiring employees from within the organisation. Some common techniques in internal recruitment are prom otions, internal advertisements, temporary job rotations, hiring retired employees as freelancers, etc. On the other hand, an external recruitment process involves recruiting candidates from outside the organisation. Some common methods or techniques used in external recruitment are job portals, social media recruitment, websites, campus recruitments, employee referrals, etc. Some recruitment methods that can be used by the company to hire automobile technicians or car mechanic are discussed below: Job portals, an external recruitment method, can prove to be one of the best ways to recruit candidates for any kind of jobs. Thus, it is obvious that job portals will prove to be a good option for carrying out the process of recruitment. Job portals are online websites that enables candidates to create their respective accounts, upload resumes and share all their skills and techniques that an employer can review whenever there is an opening in an organisation. Using job portals, the company can make the recruitment process more efficient and fast as the human resource management of the company will be able to filter through the candidates on the job portal itself. The human resource management can filter the candidates on the basis of work experience, expected salary, etc. Recruitment through job portals would also allow the company to fulfil its strategy of focused cost leadership by selecting those candidates who are ready to work at comparatively lower prices but also have highe r technical capabilities. Further, the process of recruiting car mechanics using online job portals can have a number of additional benefits for the company, such as selecting the candidates who have the skills, techniques or qualifications that the company desires and reaching out to quickly. (Ali, 2013). One of the best ways to carry out recruitment for such job openings is through employee referrals. Employee referrals is one of the internal recruitment methods and has a number of advantages for business organisations. Using employee referrals, the company will be able to identify deserving candidates from the social network of their existing employees. To motivate the employees for putting up referrals, organisations can also offer them some kind of rewards or additional benefits. With a reward system is attached with the referral program, the existing employees will their best to bring in higher quality candidates so that they can meet the demands of the company and can also ensure a reward or an appreciation for themselves from the management. As a result, the company will have to make less efforts and at the same time will be able to vouch for high quality candidates. Recruiting car mechanics through employee referrals will also help the company in adhering to its organisationa l strategy as it would bring down the cost of the recruitment process. The process of recruitment carried out by considering employee referrals is faster than most of the other methods and is also helpful in making the recruitment process more efficient. Further, there are slight chances that the management might not find a right fit for a job opening using the conventional recruitment methods. In such cases, using employee referrals as a technique to recruit automobile technicians can help the management in making the recruitment process much easier (Rondini, 2015). Social media advertisement is costlier but is also one of the most effective ways of carrying out a recruitment process as it allows human resource management of any company to increase the potential pool of candidates. As a recruitment officer, it is important that one has complete knowledge of the place where he or she can find the most qualified, talented and largest pool of applicants and in order to achieve this, using social media for recruitment is the best possible way. Social media advertisement basically involves advertising a job opening through different media channels, such as social websites (Facebook, Twitter, etc.), television advertisements, announcement on radio channels, employment columns of newspapers, pamphlets, etc. The greatest advantage of using social media as a recruitment tool is that it allows recruitment officers to reach out to a larger number of applicants and are able to increase the pool of applicants from which they have to make a choice. Further, depending upon the target audience, the recruitment team can also shortlist the media platforms that are viewed by the applicants that the company wishes to get in touch with. Using social media, the company can share the job description and job specifications with the applicants through well prepared advertisements and receive response from only those candidates who would be willing to accept the conditions mentioned by the company. Thus, it would also ensure that only those candidates are targeted for whom the company is on a lookout. (Black, 2010). Recruitment through job centres can also prove to be effective for job openings, such as a car mechanic. A job centre is an organisation that provides recruitment assistance to the employers as well as the unemployed. Job centres in different states allow the unemployed educated youth to register themselves for the jobs which they desire (according to their qualifications) by uploading their resumes and all other necessary employment information. Further, it also allows employers to register job openings and to choose from the registered candidates for the best suited ones (Archive.india.gov.in, n.d.). A major advantage of recruiting through job centres is that it is a faster and cheaper recruitment process. Further, with the involvement of the employment experts, it would become easier for the company to carry out the entire recruitment process and recruit the desired candidates. The company can also look for certain employment agencies that deal with some particular types of jobs for which the company has a vacancy. Such scenario can further bring added advantages to the company (Careerride.com, 2015). recruitment agency can also be considered in order to recruit car mechanics. Also known as head hunters, recruitment agencies provide employers with the details of suitable candidates for a fixed amount of fees. In general, recruitment agencies specialize in certain areas of employment, such as nursing, teachers, financial services, etc. Recruiting through recruitment agencies will prove to be beneficial as it would be cheaper, faster and would help the company in selecting high quality candidates through expert assistance. The company can search for recruitment agencies, register themselves and can get in touch with these recruitment agencies whenever there is a job opening required to be fulfilled. Inducement The first inducement that would be helpful in catching the interest of the applicants right away would be the permanent job position. As we all know, job security is an important need of the candidates these days and they are better motivated when they know that their job is a secure one. Thus, the permanent nature of the job will catch their interest, would also help in fulfilment of organisational strategy as the employees will perform better and ultimately provide best customer services. The next inducement that would be beneficial in catching the interest of the applicants and in fulfilling the organisational strategy will be to provide them some relaxations, such as a lunch break and on duty meals along with a competitive wage. References Focused Cost Leadership and Focused Differentiation | Mastering Strategic Management.Open.lib.umn.edu. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://open.lib.umn.edu/strategicmanagement/chapter/5-5-focused-cost-leadership-and-focused-differentiation/ Advantages and Disadvantages of Recruitment agencies. (2015).Careerride.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.careerride.com/view/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-recruitment-agencies-25570.aspx Ali, E. (2013).Five Benefits of Online Recruitment.Recruitingblogs.com. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://www.recruitingblogs.com/profiles/blogs/five-benefits-of-online-recruitment Auto Mechanic job description template | Workable.Recruiting and Hiring Resources for Employers. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://resources.workable.com/auto-mechanic-job-description Automobile Technician/ Mechanic Job Description Sample | Monster.com.Monster Hiring Resource Center. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://hiring.monster.com/hr/hr-best-practices/recruiting-hiring-advice/job-descriptions/automobile-technician-mechanic-job-description-sample.aspx Black, T. (2010).How to Use Social Media as a Recruiting Tool.Inc.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.inc.com/guides/2010/04/social-media-recruiting.html Job Analysis Methods.Managementstudyguide.com. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/job-analysis-methods.htm Job Description Job Specification - Definition, Purpose, PPT.Managementstudyguide.com. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/job-description-specification.htm Mondy, R. Mondy, J. (2014).Human resource management(1st ed.). Harlow Essex: Pearson. Reddy, K. (2015).10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Employee Referrals - WiseStep.WiseStep. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://content.wisestep.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-employee-referrals/ Register with State Employment Exchange - How do I: National Portal of India.Archive.india.gov.in. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.archive.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=12 Rondini, D. (2015).9 Best Practices for Recruiting and Retaining Technicians - Article - TruckingInfo.com.Truckinginfo.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.truckinginfo.com/article/story/2015/05/9-best-practices-for-recruiting-and-retaining-technicians.aspx

Stuttering and Speech free essay sample

Stuttering Stuttering is a speech pattern that contains an abnormally high frequency or duration of disruptions in the forward flow of speech affecting its continuity, rhythm, rate, and effortfulness. A disruption in speech is called a disfluency. We all have disfluencies in our speech, such as â€Å"uh†, â€Å"um†, pausing, or rewording, but it is only considered stuttering when we are disfluent more than ten percent of the time. The Essentials of Stuttering Fluency is the effortless flow of speech. There are four parts to fluency: continuity, rate, rhythm, and effort. Stuttering affects all four parts. Continuity is the smoothness of speech.It is decreased by how often and where pauses happen in speech and by how many extra sounds are added. Rate is how fast or slow speech is, and is measured by words or syllables spoken per minute. The rate of information and sound flow is too slow for people who stutter. That is why it can be harder to listen to them. Rhythm is the pattern of speech and it depends on intonation, stress pattern, timing, and duration. People who stutter have disruptions that are louder, longer, and slightly higher pitched. This is what makes disfluencies more noticeable. Lastly, effort is how much mental or physical work it takes to talk. Normal speech is not effortful. It takes people who stutter more effort to talk. It takes mental effort to think ahead of time about what words won’t make you stutter and it takes physical effort to stop or escape from a stutter. Stuttering affects many children as they learn to speak. This is called developmental stuttering. Young children may stutter when their speech and language abilities aren’t developed enough to keep up with what they want to say. Most children outgrow developmental stuttering, often within four years. About three quarters or more of very young children who stutter are prone to recover without any form of treatment.Stuttering usually begins at a time when the child is integrating speech and language skills within a changing physical and neurological makeup during a dynamic expansion of communication demands, personal interactions, and situational experiences. Some children begin stuttering as soon as they begin combining words, but this is not very common. Most do not start until approximately one year later, around the age of two or three. About ninety percent of children who stutter begin to do so before the age of six. Stuttering can begin either suddenly, intermediately, or gradually.The progression of stuttering severity is often episodic, containing oscillations that range from no stuttering to mild to severe across time. Influences: Factors that may Contribute to the Development of Stuttering Family dynamics can have an influence. Some examples of these factors include parental attitudes and expectations, the child’s speech and language environment, and stressful life events. This does not mean that the parents are doing anything wrong. Often these things are not harmful to a child that doesn’t stutter, but can aggravate stuttering in a child that has a tendency to stutter.Other’s reactions to stuttering are a big problem. Often people don’t know how to react. They are awkwardly caught off guard, or they can’t wait for the person who stutters to finish what they are saying. There are good reasons to believe that those who stutter have expectancies of social harm. Research suggests that those who stutter differ from control subjects in their expectation of negative social evaluation. While these peer reactions do have an impact on stuttering, it is unknown whether social anxiety mediates stuttering or is a simple by-product of stuttering.Developmental factors are believed to be a contributing factor. During the preschool years, a child’s physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and speech/language skills are developing at a very rapid rate. This rapid development can lead to stuttering in children who are predisposed to it. This is why stuttering often begins during the preschool years. For a long period, information on the genetic aspect of stuttering was primarily based on data concerning the percept of people who stutter having relatives with histories of stuttering. This figure has varied in the past from 20% to 74%.The most recent research shows that approximately 60% of children who stutter have a family member who does also, or who used to stutter as a child. Although it is apparent that stuttering runs in families, this fact, in-and-by itself, is insufficient to conclude genetic underlining (Yairi). Professionals know that there is a disruption of speech fluency associated with stuttering that is reflected by actual differences in the structure and function of the brain. It is not known, however, if these neurological differences are the cause of the result of stuttering (or both).Research done shows physical differences in several brain areas associated with speech and language skills. Such results may indicate that theses physical differences create competing commands that may interfere with fluent speech. However, and alternate view is that these neurological differences may develop in stutterers during early childhood due to the child’s attempts to voluntarily control or monitor disfluencies (Ramig Dodge). Theories About Stuttering First is the diagnosogenic theory.This says that stuttering happens when a child becomes overly sensitive to typical disfluencies, which every child has, because of someone’s reactions. As a result, he tries hard to avoid being disfluent or â€Å"messing up† again. According to this theory, stuttering is in the listener’s ear, not the child’s mouth. The communicative failure and anticipatory struggle theory says that stuttering happens because of early experiences, such as the reactions of listeners and the environment, which made the child thing that speech is hard, and they trigger the child to s tutter. For example, if the child has a hard time talking, he may become tense, and break up his speech. Then the core stuttering behaviors soon become a part of the speech pattern that the child learns to dread. This theory says that stuttering is learned, and both internal and external influences play a part. The capacities and demands theory says that children who stutter are not able to handle the normal speech, language, and situational demands so fluency is lost and the child stutters. Motor skills, language skills, emotional maturity, and cognitive development are all needed to talk smoothly.If a child has to compete with others for a turn to talk, the child feels he has to talk fast so that you will listen to everything he has to say. This is an example of a motor demand. An example of a language demand is if a child has a high vocabulary or is trying to use big words while he talks. An emotional demand would be trying to talk while excited or upset. An example of a cognitive demand is if the child is talking with a lot of anxiety that he is going to stutter and be ashamed is he does. Last is the two-factor learning theory. This theory operates on classical conditioning.The speaker learns to associate speaking with a negative emotional response. According to this theory, stuttering is an automatic reaction to a learned stimulus. Somehow and easy, normal disfluency becomes paired with an event that makes the child become tense. From then on, a disfluency is tense (a stutter) even without the event. Some examples of what might trigger this are the child’s location during a stutter, sounds that occurred during a stutter, people or gender of persons listening to the stutter, talking on the phone during a stutter, and words or sounds said during a stutter.These things can all accidentally happen during a stutter, which gives these things the power to make a person stutter tensely when they happen again. Then, when the person who stutters does something on purpose to get out of the stutter, such as jerking their head or blinking their eyes, and the stutter stops, that behavior is now conditioned to stop a stutter in the person’s head. For example a child might think, â€Å"The phone rang while I was trying to talk to my friend this morning and I stuttered. The next time the phone rings while I am t alking, I will stutter† (Ducworth). The best way to understand stuttering is to talk all the theories and views of stuttering and combine them together into one perspective. What causes stuttering can be considered a complex interaction of five factors (CALMS): Cognitive, Affective, Linguistic, Motor, and Social. Genetic and physical factors are necessary, but they may not be sufficient to cause stuttering. The CALMS factors are needed as well (Mayo Clinic Staff). Difficulties for Children who Stutter Many people have functional lives and successful careers despite stuttering. Some famous people who stutter are Marilyn Monroe, Julia Roberts, Bruce Willis, and Tiger Woods.So, if that’s not enough proof that you can stutter and still be successful, then I don’t know what else is. There is no cure for stuttering, but speech therapy can help children learn techniques to help control their speech. Stuttering can, however, have a huge impact on a person’s self-esteem and confidence. Children who stutter often have anxiety, or nervousness, about talking, guilt, shame, fear, embarrassment, frustration, and negative attitudes towards speaking. These feelings can range from very mild and hardly impacting a person’s life to very severe and preventing the person who stutters from functioning socially at all.The negative feelings and attitudes can prevent a person who stutters from doing everyday things such as ordering food at a restaurant, speaking on the phone, or even speaking at all. These negative attitudes and feelings can stem from feeling out of control, concern and anxiety of parents, and teasing and rejection from other children, which can make stuttering worse and more often, cause avoidance behaviors, and make a person not willing to risk cha nge. It can also make it harder for improvements made in therapy to stick. Treating negative feelings and attitudes that accompany a stuttering disorder is a very important focus in therapy.These negative feelings can either make stuttering therapy harder because it requires the person to face and overcome them, or they can make it more successful because they empower and motivate the person to overcome stuttering. The bottom line is that they need to be treated and handled carefully. Time pressure is also one of the worst things from people who stutter and it is getting worse. Today’s world is very fast-paced and people are always trying to do things as quickly as possible. This time pressure is very common in our communication. When we talk to others and they don’t answer fast enough, we get impatient. We will start talking again or we assume the other person didn’t understand us. People who stutter feel this pressure to respond, plus they are stressed because they know that if they pause, the might have trouble getting started again. Advice for Teachers Stuttering is unique among the various disabilities because its severity may actually be aggravated and negative effects may increase as a result of participation in school. Because confirmed stuttering is developmental in nature, school experience may be a key ingredient in the development of severe stuttering.It is the child’s first, significant participation within organized social activity, in which the genetic predisposition to stutter is combined with environmental stressors. There are many warning signs to watch out for. First are multiple part-word repetitions. This refers to repeating the first or last sounds of a word, more than one or two times, faster than normal, or with irregular tempo. Second are prolongations. Prolongation refers to stretching out a sound at the beginning of or particularly within a word, such as â€Å"rrrrrrrrabit† or â€Å"raaaaaabit. It is important to distinguish easy stretches from prolongations associated with tension of struggle. Third is use of the reduced â€Å"schwa† vowel. Instead of saying â€Å"re-re-re-read† the child says â€Å"ruh-ruh-ruh-read. † This behavior indicates that the speech difficulty has become uncoupled from language and communication and is being felt as a performance struggle. It also indicates that the child has lost a measure of awareness due to the severity of the blocking experience. Fourth is blocking. Blocking refers to stopping or getting stuck before or during the production of a sound or word.Blocks may be anticipated as the person approaches a word, or blocking may be used to close down the system so as to draw less attention to the stuttering movement. Fifth is struggle and tension. Increased muscular tension of the articulators accompanies stuttering that has developed to the point where intervention is indicated. To overcome this tension, the child recruits additional surrounding muscles and muscle groups in an attempt to overcome the feeling of blockage. Struggle and tension may be seen in the nose, jaw, neck, cheeks, lips, forehead, and upper chest.Sixth is pitch, rate, and loudness increase. These phenomena often occur on prolongation of sounds, when the child is struggling to break out of a block and proceed to the next sound. The child may anticipate or feel that he is going to have difficulty on the sound and uses the pitch or loudness rise as a way to force his way through the block. Seventh is disturbed of irregular breathing. Upon anticipating stuttering, the child may hold his breath, take several breaths, or display other types of erratic or irregular breathing patterns, such as trying to rapidly say lots of words per breath group.Eighth is movement of other body parts. When experiencing one or more of the other warning signs, the child may jerk his head forward or back, move his arm, leg, or hand, or attempt other unusual behavior as he expects to stutter or actually experiences the moment of stuttering. Tenth is avoidance of talking. Stuttering is usually hard for teachers to notice because kids who stutter tend to avoid talking as much as possible. All preschool children are busily learning to talk. As such, they make speech mistakes.Some children have more than others, and this is normal. There might be certain children who have many disfluencies-most commonly repeating words and prolongation of sounds. These are quite noticeable to listeners. If you are concerned that there may be a problem of stuttering developing with one of these children, don’t pay any special attention to the child at this point. Rather, talk to a speech pathologist for suggestions. Also, talk to the parents about their opinion of the problem so that you know whether this is typical speech behavior for him.In most instances, if parents, teachers, and others listen to and answer the child in a patient, calm, and unemotional way, the child’s speech returns to normal as his language abilities and his adjustments to school improve. If the child continues to have disfluencies, however, you may want to ask a speech pathologist to observe him. There are children in elementary school who not only repeat and prolong sounds markedly, but also struggle and become tense and frustrated in their efforts to talk. They need help. Without it, their stuttering problem will probably adversely affect their classroom performance.As suggested with the preschool child, consult with a speech pathologist as well as with the parents and discuss your observations with them. If you, the parents, and the speech pathologist agree that this child’s disfluencies are different from other children in your classroom, you may decide as a team to evaluate the child for stuttering. Usually it is advisable for you to talk with the child privately. Explain to him that when talking—just like when learning other skills—we sometimes make mistakes. We bobble sounds or repeat or get tangled up on words. With practice we improve.Explain that you are his teacher and that his stuttering is okay with you. By talking to the child in this way, you help him learn that you are aware of his stuttering and that you accept it—and him. As you are asking questions in the classroom, you can do certain things to make it easier for a child who stutters. Initially, until he adjusts to the class, ask him questions that can be answered with relatively few words. If every child is going to be asked a question, call on the child who stutters fairly early. Tension and worry can build up the longer he has to wait his turn. Assure the whole class that they will have as much time as they need to answer questions, and that you are interested in having them take time and think through their answers, not just answer quickly. Many children who stutter are able to handle oral reading tasks in the classroom satisfactorily, particularly if they are encouraged to practice at home. There will be some, however, who will stutter severely while reading aloud in class. Most children who stutter are fluent when reading in unison with someone else. Rather than not calling on the child who stutters, let him have his turn with of the other children.Let the whole class read in pairs sometimes so that the child who stutters doesn’t feel special. Gradually he may become more confident and be able to manage reading out loud on his own. Teasing can be very painful for the student who stutters, and it should be eliminated as far as possible. If the child has obviously been upset by teasing, talk with him or her one-on-one. Help the child to understand why others tease, and brainstorm ideas for how to respond. If there are any certain children picking on him, talk to them alone and explain that teasing is unacceptable.